Education
From Baruchnewmedia
Introduction
New media tools are quickly becoming an incredible tool for the world of education. Teachers, students, professors and parents are finding ways to communicate and collaborate on important issues in ways they have never experienced before. Allowing students and faculty members to create, edit, and save information as necessary. Not only will this type of interactive collaboration allow individuals to learn from one another (and get a better understanding), but it will also allow you to see what a classmate or teacher is interested in (thus learning who they are as individuals as well).
New Media in education, overall, is a better way of interacting with students and teachers, even outside school. Students can make friends with people on facebook that they might not meet in school just because they have no classes together.
Introducing online courses, online group dicussions, blogs, online assignments, e-books, kindles, I-pads, and other new technology can help create a great learning environment.
Administrators and teachers are beginning to realize the tremendous opportunities new media present in their classrooms. For example on the P2P filesharing site SlideShare there are more than a dozen presentations on how school districts can use social networking and new media to advance their schools, reach out to parents, and engage the community.
Does It Sound Familiar?
Looks like approach to Wikipedia changed worldwide. I myself remember the time when we, as students, were discouraged from using Wikipedia as our source. Today, my grades depend on my wiki contributions. Other universities do the same thing to engage student into collective work and additional research. The NYT article by Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop “For More Students, Working on Wikis Is Part of Making the Grade” (May 1, 2011) tells a story of Avnish Desai, 24, student in finance and corporate communications at the Singapore Management University, who was asked to help create his own wiki page on digital media in India, as a class assignment. Does it sound familiar :) ? In the words of Michael Netzley, assistant professor of corporate communication in the business school at the Singapore Management University: “Rather than trying to read a textbook and regurgitate it for an exam, in order to write coherent segments, you have to actually intellectually understand it and be able to craft your own words, and that is a higher level of learning challenge,” he said. “All the research on learning theory suggests this is in fact a better way to learn.”[1] Student who experience this new way of learning feel uneasy at first with public writing, editing, and collaboration. It’s not something we, students, are all familiar with, and I can’t personally testify to that….. Over the last couple of years, Mr. Netzley modified his wiki assignment (he introduced it in 2007). Last semester he not only assigned students to create a wiki, but he also asked them to promote it in the real world. Those changes made the assignment more challenging (due to the risk of being criticized by more people, often experts) but also more rewarding. Other teachers, who also use wiki assignment, claim that it has many advantages. It made the learning experience more dynamic (e.g. thru introduction of peer-to-peer feedback). It helped some less outspoken people (who don’t feel good speaking in front of the class) to actively participate in class project. It allowed for more flexibility by giving the opportunity to work on that group project from home.
Primary Education
In 2009, the United Kingdom proposed a dramatic change in the way children study and learn using new media tools. This strategy, meant to educate children about important tools that would likely play a large role in their professional futures, also gave teachers more flexibility in their teaching styles and curriculum.[2]
Beyond the traditional literacy lessons taught in the elementary classroom, new media literacy will likely begin to play a major role in the ways children are educated. At a meeting of the Institute for Community College Education, Chris Sperry, director of curriculum and staff development for the media literacy program Project Look Sharp, said during his keynote address, "As students have grown up in the world of the Internet, educators need to teach them the fundamentals of media literacy, or the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of forms." [3]
New media will continue to play an important role in the early education of children.
Secondary Education
Secondary education represents an environment in which students are able to truly collaborate with one another and with teachers. Schools are able to disperse information to students and parents through new media. Student/Parent message boards, Facebook Groups, and Twitter accounts inform students and families of what is going on and allow for all groups to collaborate with one another outside of the traditional classroom and traditional school hours.
Schools are using Facebook and Twitter to get out their message. Community Forums and news letters sent home in backpacks are so old school. Now, if a student has to find out the menu for lunch tomorrow, they better check the district's tweet. If parents want to know the dates for Parent Teacher Confrence, they can check out the dates on facebook. If one is against the decision made by the board of directors at school, they can check the thread on facebook and post comments (their opinion if they agree or disagree).
With the use of these sites, one issue that arises is, "...the new domain comes with a new set of questions about how to maintain the district-sponsored sites, what kind of content is appropriate and who should have access to the sites during the workday."
In both the secondary and post-secondary world of education, new media plays a large role in the information that is available to students. New media tools provide many opportunities for research, but also call into question the validity of new media sources. Wikis, for example, are often questionable sources of information, due to their ability to be impacted by any number of sources.
New toys or new tools?
More and more schools are investing an iPads as innovative tools that will revolutionize the way kids are taught at school. One of those pioneering schools is Roslyn High School on Long Island who provided the gadget to two humanities classed in December last year. Thanks to this new device kids are taught about Kafka in multimedia; history thru “Jeopardy” like games; math thru step-by-step animation of complex problems. This costly device ($750 apiece), will definitely engage students and catch their full attention at first; long term effect of the multimedia teaching techniques are yet to be decided. Whatever those long effects will be, new technologies will definitely bring new approach and new options. Great example of this new approach was presented by incident in private Morristown-Beard School in New Jersey. School’s headmaster Alex Curtis bought 60 iPads for students. Later Dr. Curtis used a $1.99 application, ColorSplash (it can remove or add colors to pictures) to show the importance of colors in Caravaggio paintings during seminar on Baroque art. He was thrilled with the result of the presentation, because with the application students were able to manipulate the images and the paintings “came to life”, and it wouldn’t be possible without the innovative gadgets. .[2]
Another emerging form of Social Networking is Corporate Networking, which enables the users to find jobs or form relationships out of work with their co-workers. . The Corporate Networking benefits both the employer and the recruiter. The employer can investigate potential new employees by exploring their Facebook, MySpace, Linked In, etc profiles, to get a more comprehensive knowledge of these candidates. It is very easy to get references and build a reputation using corporate social networking tools. Websites like LinkedIn allows recruiters to find not only worthwhile candidates, but better candidates than they could easily reach. Consequently, it enables the recruiters to enlarge their network and it also increases the options for candidate. In short it's a cheapest way to get yourself acknowledged by networking in your field or industry. Also, the social networking sites are used for the purpose of education or training. It has the potential to explain the subject matter effectively & efficiently. Since, the training videos are available 24*7 it can allow a sort of virtual classroom. So, it basically it makes the learning process easy & interesting.
Higher Education
Being a college student no longer means you have to attend classes at 7:50 a.m. Through the evolution of technology and new media classes can now be held online where students and the professor meet through web based forums. They can communicate via Twitter, Facebook, Skype and any other web 2.0 applications that they choose. Now we are no longer limited to lectures in class, we can download them on podcasts and listen to it while we're on the train.
Colleges are giving students new ways of learning, such as online class. Online class is not something common and very few colleges have taken actions to introduce such classes.However, it is a great way of engaging students into different ways of learning. Going to class and reading text books is something students did since they started school. Engaging students in new ways of learning can build their interest and open doors to education that possibly never interested them.
New media is definitely breaking down all barriers and paving a way for a new way to receive an fun interactive education.
New Initiatives
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation significantly support education not only by individual grant but also by technological innovations. In 2010 the Bill and Melinda gates Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and four nonprofit education organizations started partnership to develop new online learning tools. The first lump sum of $20 million will be spent on online, multi-media courses specifically designed for postsecondary education, esp. community colleges.
Today’s research on teaching method efficiency supports the statements that the most effective things are good teachers and one-on-one human tutoring; there is less weight on class size. Experts say that with well designed technology we can make studying very effective; new tools would facilitate student-teacher collaboration imitating one-on-one tutoring.[3] Potential of online teaching tools becomes greater for older students, more independent learners. Some of the projects effectively using online technology are: initiative Next Generation Learning Challenges (looking for innovative tools that can be shared across networks of college); Open Learning Initiative at Carnegie Mellon University, which uses hybrid courses of in-class and online materials; OpenCourseWare and www.AcademicEarth.org. at MIT, with online video lectures and coursework.
Bloggers-New Campus Celebrities
Colleges always praised their renowned professors, those who won major awards like Nobel or Pulitzer, those who were advisors for presidents. Today some professors become famous thanks to their blogs on politics, economics or legal affairs. One of those celebrities, Ann Althouse from University of Wisconsin Law School, author of www.althouse.blogspot.com, says : I think a lot of us have a desire to catch the issue of the day and put a personal stamp on it, and we’re in a good position to do so. In academia, you talk to a fairly small group of people and become insulated from real criticism. Of course, not everyone wants to do that because their ideas will be ripped and pulled apart.[4] Those blogs can be long and scholarly or pure polemic; intended for students or for wider public. All of them bring new and personal perspective to important issues. Some share opinions that couldn’t be taught on the campus. Either way those blogs enrich our knowledge. Some examples of those blogs run by professor are: http://www.althouse.blogspot.com by Ann Althouse, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Law School http://pajamasmedia.com/instapundit/ by Glenn Reynolds, University of Tennessee College of Law http://www.gregmankiw.blogspot.com/ by N. Gregory Mankiw, economics, Harvard http://www.juancole.com/ by Juan Cole, history, University of Michigan http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/ by Gary S. Becker, economics and sociology, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business; Richard A. Posner, University of Chicago Law School
E-books in Education
As early as we are in elementary school, students are required to carry each subject’s text book to class. Since books are portable, it can be stored in a book bag or back pack. However, books are relatively heavy especially when you carry more than one book. When children need to carry a lot of books, it is definitely not good for their growth because they are constantly putting heavy weight on their back. It is also not a good idea to take notes in a book because it is there to stay. It doesn’t matter if you are marking the book with a pencil, there will be marks to stay. Books are fragile as well, it must have happen to everyone that when you were turning a page and you ripped the page by accident. The reason is of that is fairly simple, because books are make out of paper and the older the book is, the easily it can be ripped by accident.
When we have our text books in E-book version and stored them into our reader or laptop, all you are carrying to class is the e-book reader. Also, an e-book reader can store numerous numbers of e-books in it. It is like holding a small library of books inside your e-book reader (depends on its memory). The weight of a e-reader is much less than putting several text books in our bags. When we want to take notes on the E-book, we can just add the text on a side or highlight whatever is important using the edit tool in reader. If we do not want the notes or highlight anymore, just simply remove it and it would not have any marks on the E-book.
E-books are just like traditional books. According to the official website of ISBN[5], E-book can also obtain an ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Based on the definition of its official website, an ISBN is a unique set of number that identifies the title and author of a book. An e-book is copyrighted and is protected by the law once it is registered and published publicly. By registering and publishing an e-book, the author will be protected under the US copyright law. It is the same copyright law as the traditional books.
Improper use of E-books
A traditional book can hold its value while e-book can never obtain its value. This especially applies on college text books. Since most text book are very pricy, so people tend to buy used copies. E-books are not transferable since it is just a digital media. However, it would be a different story if the user downloaded or printed out the E-book.
Since e-books are both digital and portable, sharing an e-book would be a simple task. With the digital copies of e-books, consumers can just copy the e-book file and share it with a friend. Some consumer will not just share the e-book with their friend, they might even upload it to the worldwide web and let other users download it for free. However, this act against the US copyright law - “Copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work”. Since E-book is a digital copy of a book, it is define as a book. Sharing of an e-book without the author’s permission is violating the law. Illegally downloading copies of e-book is considering of stealing from the publisher or the author. This act is similar to stealing apples from someone’s backyard but not letting the owner know. Even thought this act is against the law, people are still doing it. E-book sharing is done everywhere because people think it is hard to stop or catch by the regulation.
Cost of Textbooks
Cost is another concern for students to choose whether to purchase a physical textbook or e-book. How can books be cheaper in some ways comparing to e-books in some situation? For example, you bought a book shelf and it would make more sense to have the instruction booklet with the book shelf than having it in a compact disc and require you to read it through your computer. Another scenario printed books are cheaper comparing to e-books are children’s books. It will be cheaper to buy a story book for a four year old to read than getting a digital copy on your kindle and let the four year old read on it. Most likely the four year old will drop the book or spill some over it.
Conversely, E-books can be cheaper than physical books in some ways, too. E-books are environment friendly because it is not a physical copy of a book, so it doesn’t require manufacturer to cut down trees or burn fossil fuels to produce them. At the same time, since it doesn’t cost as much to produce digital copies according to material, storage and retail charges, so manufacturer will sell textbooks in digital formats in a cheaper price. However, as Ph.D. Terence Cavanaugh (2002) said, E-Books “are textual documents that have been converted and ‘published’ in an electronic format that display on eBook readers, devices or computers using E-book software programs”[6], so what we really need to look at is the cost of the readers and not the E-books themselves. Since most colleges provide computers and laptops for student to use and students also have personal computers at home, reading a E-book should not be a problems to college students.
Twitter Use in College
The rise in Twitter users has impacted the classrooms all over college campuses. With the increase in usage, professors are capitalizing on this growing phenomena.
It is hard to communicate one on one with students when there are hundreds of them in lecture halls. Because of the lack of one on one attention, students tend to lose their focus easily and silence grows. To combat this problem, Dr. Monica Rankin of the University of Texas at Dallas has implemented the use of Twitter in her classroom. As she teaches, students can comment or ask questions on the material at hand by the use of Twitter. The tweets are on live display in the front of the classroom projecting on screen. “It’s been really exciting because, in classes like this, you’ll have three people who talk about the discussion material, and so to actually have 30 or 40 people at the same time talking about it is really interesting,” said Megan Malone, Teaching Assistant to Dr. Monica Rankin.
Twitter provides a great way to communicate outside the lecture hal also. Students can use Twitter to phrase questions for their professors and can tag the classname so all students will watch for an update of class discussions in their Twitter feed. As tweets are live. Professors and teachers can respond to students instantaneously. Additionally, as tweets are limited to 140 characters, it helps students ask direct questions. Instead of writing a huge paragraph question they can write a direct question which the teacher can understand clearly and give a brief and simple response. It provides simplicity in education. In fact, research has shown that grades are up a half a grade-point in classes that use Twitter. [7] This may seem like a small number but it shows growth in the right direction. 75% of students are interested in using Twitter for class purposes. We see grade growth and we see student participation. These are key factors that show us to continue using technology in the world of education.
YouTube in Education
Education can be completely revolutionized once YouTube is implemented in every classroom. YouTube is home to millions of how-to videos. However, YouTube has a lot more educational value than for little things around the house. When used in a classroom, YouTube takes education to the 21st century. As schools across America slowly start installing computers into their classes, they are bringing a new method of teaching that wasn’t even imagined 15 years ago [8]
Finally, classes like physics, mathematics, and history can become more than just a lecture and some scribbles on the blackboard from someone the students consider ancient [9]. YouTube has literally millions upon millions of videos on every single subject taught in our schools. YouTube offers these videos absolutely free and thanks to the sidebar, similar videos can quickly be accessed [10]. So now when a physics teacher is explaining the Big Bang Theory, he can actually show a computer-generated video of what scientists think it looked like. When a World War II history teacher is talking about storming the Normandy Beaches on D-Day, she can actually show videos from that very same event.
Using videos as a way to enhance children’s education is great way to utilize what YouTube has to offer. The only problem now is making sure teachers actually use this resource. While there are plenty of computer-savvy teachers out there, there are plenty that are far from it. YouTube has done its part, and now it is time for schools to mandate that YouTube to be used in every possible classroom. Colleges have plenty of computers in classrooms and schools are also increasing their numbers, but this equipment is useless unless it is actually used.
Wikipedia in Education
Wikipedia is used today mostly as a casual research hub, an academic source, educational tool, an alternative to the public library, and a "place" for enthusiasts of any expertise of any subject and all walks of life can come and put their proverbial two cents in for the greater good. These uses in and of themselves have changed the way denizens of developed nations learn whether through by scholastic/academic motives or just the mere drive of curiosity. The effectiveness of this concept is apparent in the approximate 398 million unique users Wikipedia serves per year from almost every part of the world. The idea of Wikipedia has enhanced the collective intelligence and well-being of humanity much like the mass production of books and Socratic Method of teaching. In its basic structure Wikipedia is used as an encyclopedia, an encyclopedia that is constantly changing and adapting to new events and breakthroughs as the world turns. As long as the freedom to learn still exists, Wikipedia will become a ubiquity, a necessary institution for education just as a library, school, or a museum would be for civilization. It is ironic that as human beings we value our desire to be unique and individualistic yet we prize the mass distribution of information as a virtue. And as long as Wikipedia operates on that virtue the website will continue to embody the coveted, noble idea that information shouldn't have to be traded as a hyper-valued commodity but shared to and by all for the greater good of our species.
Wikipedia has the potential to set an unprecedented standard in the average person's capacity for general knowledge. As the Internet has become ubiquitous in developed societies the access to information has never been easier and Wikipedia's simplistic use directly or indirectly encourages the user to surf Wikipedia, learning about subjects and topics they would have otherwise not had the initiative to learn before. This phenomenon is colloquially known as "search overload" syndrome. For example, a person will watch a medical drama television show and look up one of the conditions (i.e. deep-vein thrombosis) on Wikipedia to see what it is. Since Wikipedia articles are littered with hyperlinks to other pages a user can access these links to get a better, in-depth understand of exactly what they are reading. It is sort of a double-edged sword in this case as the reader does not finish reading the deep-vein thrombosis article but will venture onto new topics such as general blood clots, the effects of a high sodium intake on humans, leading causes of death in the United States, to healthcare in the United States versus that of Europe. Whether or not the overall average person's capacity of general knowledge has statistically increased or decreased based on the invention and mass use of either the Internet or Wikipedia is yet to be properly discovered.
It is no surprise that the Internet and Wikipedia have had profound impacts on the methods of research and education. Public institutions such as libraries and schools are greatly affected by the ideas and methods attainable from a world-wide network. A research publication authored by John Law explains the declined usage and cost-effectiveness of brick-and-mortar academic libraries in favor of alternative, including Internet, sources. The experiment was conducted through 60-90 minute research sessions with postsecondary student researchers in their homes, dorm rooms, libraries, and offices. Each session was tailored to feature variable obstacles to be negotiated by methods familiar to academic research. Students were stonewalled when only physical resources were available to them. Between the uses of physical and electronic card catalogues, a meta-search engine utilizing both the World Wide Web and electronic reference sources, and Google Scholar, the latter had been deemed the most efficient method of research by a staggering margin. Google Scholar had topped all tried methods in efficient utilization and relevance thanks to Google's patented search engine technology that compiles and filters search results based on the exact query. The emphasis on precision, speed, and credibility persuades most students to use Google Scholar for their research needs. Law suggests some criteria that libraries should meet in order to compete with digital alternatives. One is to provide a search experience similar to that of Google with the emphasis of academic research support and the cataloguing of an entire library's database. This concept must also include not only the library's own catalog but of those worldwide, in addition to proprietary research databases and the World Wide Web. The study concluded that there was no significant reduction in library usage. This could result from libraries conforming to provide digital interfaces in assisting researchers or that researchers have insufficient incentive to completely shun the brick-and-mortar library as a preferred research institution.
Facebook in Education
A private group allows only members of a classroom to participate in group discussions, posts, or chats. Teachers can post links to course documents or even upload photos and videos of educational nature. As so many students use Facebook and nearly all of them check it daily it is an effective way to communicate. It can help foster a great learning community. Students will engage and participate in discussions.
It also frees the boundaries of learning in a classroom. Learning can thrive in and out of a classroom setting. A discussion can continue indefinitely. A student can comment on an older post and the discussion will be brought back to life.
Given the instantaneous nature of Facebook it move education into a instantaneous world. In today's society people expect information at live feed speeds. Why shouldn't education be taught at live speeds too? Facebook, and other social media sites help address this. Using Facebook for education can help students and teach them in a new method. WIth the change of society and change of technology the old methods of education cannot work as effectively, using a tool such as Facebook can help us teach today's students in a method they are familiar with.
Demographics show the majority of Facebook users are students. [11] Given the vast number of students using Facebook, educators should make an attempt to attract their audience, students, through methods such as Facebook.
A major question remains - "Will students use Facebook effectively?" Although it has so many advantages, students waste so much time on social media sites. Will they spend time on Facebook instead of studying? WIll multitasking while studying affect their grades? Studies have shown that students that use Facebook while studying have grades 20% lower than their peers [12] But on the other hand. Many students use Facebook for educational purposes. It is important that students understand this balance and know when to shut off Facebook and turn to the books. Yes, Facebook can be used for educational purposes. However, it cannot be used alone. And if it is, students will waste time doing other Facebook activities and will not study as effectively.
Google in Education
Google has also implemented some applications to improve academic studies. They created Google Apps that allows teachers and students to share documents, share calendars, and communicate using video chat.
Higher Education's Benefits
Higher education not only provides the benefit to individual and society of obtain knowledge and culture. Some of the benefits that it provides to individuals are that the average earnings and the averages tax payments are higher for people with higher education.
Future
We might not be able to see wiki's in the classroom soon due to the Deleting Online Predators Act, which is being looked over by Senate. "...would deny federal aid to any school library that did not block commercial social networking sites."
The future of new media in the realm of education is virtually limitless, from developing media literacy tools at a young age, to implementing the use of different platforms to communicate and collaborate throughout secondary school, to attending classes in a totally online environment, new media will continue to play a large part in the development of education for years to come.
Electronic reading devices play a major role in the future of new media in education. The most popular device, as of now, is Kindle. Reading the right books is the best way to get a great education. To salvage the failing US education system schools should do whatever it takes to get millions of kids reading great books once again. Studies have shown, the best way to do that would be for states to purchase Kindles for every student (7th-12th grade) in their education system. States should also carve out at least 30-60 minutes of reading time every day, in the classroom, for students to use their Kindles. Teachers could then lead stimulating discussions about what the students had read. The state of Utah, alone, pays about $65,000-70,000 for a K-12 education for each student. The cost of a Kindle with hundreds of the best books ever written in a variety of fields would cut down the cost to nearly free compare to what’s spent. It could also make a difference for a lifetime for the students, who could then carry with them every great book and every textbook they had studied from, including their notes and highlights, into the workplace and beyond.
New standards= new teaching materials
In April 2011, Bill Gates foundation (The Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation) and textbook publisher Pearson announced partnership to create online math and reading courses that would take academic standards to the next level. Officials say that those 24 new courses will use video, interactive software, games, social media and other digital materials to present math lessons. Presented math material will be suitable for kindergarten through 10th grade and English lessons will be intended for kindergarten through 12th grade. Adoption of new standard for education in the USA in 2010, ‘common core’, instigated many textbook publishers to change the material they offered for schools and teachers. The Gates-Pearson initiative leads this noble race. Pearson publisher, thru Prentice Hall, will market 20 of those new courses to schools; while 4 of them, thanks to Bill Gates generosity, will be offered for free, to interested teachers ‘’partly to give educators a taste of how the digital courses can be used in classrooms’’ [13] Mark Nieker, president of The Pearson Foundation, hopes that the free courses will familiarize teachers with the new product, show their potential, and encourage more schools to use them. According to Vicki Phillips, a director at the Gates Foundation, new digital materials have the potential to fundamentally change the way students and teachers interact in the classroom.[13] Partnership with the Gates Foundation, gives Pearson publisher the upper hand, and secures its position as the leader of new online course. Education Department officials are contented with ‘common core” plan and sequential curriculum, but at the same time they are afraid of Pearson’s monopoly in its field. Many of the courses should be completed by January 2013 and the rest by December 2013, said Judy Codding, who is leading the course development effort. The challenge that she is afraid of, is to excite student about learning. Before the change of teaching principles, many students haven’t met the lesser standards. New online courses and teaching materials will be more interesting and engaging but also more demanding, and we still don’t want to leave no one behind.
Source
http://www.paulallen.net/the-amazon-kindle-could-dramatically-improve-us-education/
- ↑ Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop, New York Times, May 1 2011,For More Students, Working on Wikis Is Part of Making the Grade
- ↑ Winnie Hu, New York Times, Jan 4,2011,Math That Moves: Schools Embrace the iPad
- ↑ Steve Lohr, New York Times, October 10, 2010,In Higher Education, a Focus on Technology
- ↑ Pamela Paul, New York Times, April 15 2011, Big Blog on Campus
- ↑ [1]ISBN, Retrieved 11/8/2010
- ↑ Terence Cavanaugh. (2002, November/December). Ebooks and Accommodations: Is This the Future of Print Accommodation? Teaching Exceptional Children, 56-61.
- ↑ For Students, What Is the “Facebook Effect” on Grades?, Jolie O'Dell <http://mashable.com/2011/04/27/facebook-effect-students/>
- ↑ Burden, Kevin, and Simon Atkinson. "Jumping on the YouTube Bandwagon? Using Digital Video Clips to Develop Personalised Learning Strategies." Proceedings Ascilite Singapore 2007. <http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/singapore07/procs/burden-poster.pdf>
- ↑ Jenkins, Henry. "From YouTube to YouNiversity." The Chronicle Review. 16 Feb. 2007. Web. <http://chronicle.com/weekly/v53/i24/24b00901.htm>.
- ↑ Snelson, Chareen. "Web-Based Video in Education: Possibilities and Pitfalls." TCC 2008 Proceedings: 214-21. 2008. Web. <http://etec.hawaii.edu/proceedings/2008/Snelson2008.pdf>
- ↑ Social Networking Demographics 2007 - 2010, Markethub.info <http://www.marketinghub.info/social-network-demographic-changes-2007-vs-2010/>
- ↑ For Students, What Is the “Facebook Effect” on Grades?, Jolie O'Dell <http://mashable.com/2011/04/27/facebook-effect-students/>
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sam Dillon, New York Times, April 27 2011,Foundations Join to Offer Online Courses for Schools
See Also
http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2009/mar/25/primary-schools-twitter-curriculum
http://www.degreescout.com/business-degrees/the-role-of-new-media-technology-in-education
