New Media & Social Change
From Baruchnewmedia
Introduction
Everywhere we turn, we hear some buzz due to a social networking site. It is incorporated in everything, whether it is a personal or a business aspect. When something as big as this plays a role in our everyday lives, you know it is something important to us. New Media consists of various forms of electronics communication in the computer world. New Media plays a vital role in changing the social life of people. Drastic changes have occurred ever since technology enhanced old media to the new media. With new advancements in technology new media arises and also becomes more advanced. New Media has become a daily routine in people's lives affecting the way we live and the way people live around us. Information comes to us and is given at lighting speeds. Anyone, who has access to an electronic communication device can access the this information or make information available to others. There have been many advancements in new media which have unfortunately has made old media somewhat a thing of the past. Newspapers are struggling since information is provided online for free and there are many sources available for the same information, which provides confidence in the consumer. Texting, blogging, wiki-ing has opened doors for many to express their first amendment right of freedom of speech. Anyone is able to go online start a blog on a topic that is important to them and provide information, comments as well as allow commentary on their blog. This is a great way for people from around the globe to communicate in ways that we have never done before. Just think of blogging with someone who is from another country and sharing ideas with them. Some examples of new media include the internet, websites, computer multimedia, computer games, podcast, RSS feeds, social networking sites, text messaging, blogs, wikis, virtual worlds, CD-ROMS, DVDs and so much more. What new media is not are what is referred to as old media or traditional media which include television, news papers, magazines, radio, and books. Old media is changing and us is being replaced by new media. Old television networks are losing its audience and has been replaced by the new broadcasts networks. The television is digital these days and have hundreds of channels to choose by the viewers. http://www.superiorpapers.com/
Development of New Media in Society
The communication takes place between the sender and receiver. Through an ancient times, communication media plays an vital role in transmission of information. However, at that time, readers or audience were passive. Print media like books, newspapers, pamphlets, and magazines are only observed by the audiences. Moreover, various means of transportation are needed to serve the media among the people. Through the new media, that is, with the development of the technology and internet, people can easily communicate within no time. One can sit in the corner of the room and surf the whole world and audiences can actively participate in communication.The new media has various impact upon our society and its change.
Source:Media Society, Third Edition, David Croteau & William Hoynes, 2003. page 8 & 9. "Timeline of Media Society"
Impacts of New Media on Society
With the advancements of New Media people can obtain all information they need from any website. In some sense, people feel that new media has made the world a smaller place to live. Face-to-face interaction is becoming less and causing attention deficits. 94% of communication is non-verbal [1],and while being on the internet is a great way to communicate it is difficult to understand or interpret what a person's intentions or messages are; a situation that one thinks is innocent can spiral out of control and others can misunderstand or misinterpret the message being delivered, resulting in a negative outcome. It also allows those who are bullies to stretch the limits because they are unable to read the alleged victims non-verbal cues and will continue to berate innocent victims online unaware of the consequences.
Society has become more and more involved with texting, FaceBook-ing, tweeting and we are accustomed to having our faces stuffed inside these devices that when it comes time to interact with others in an intimate setting we are then distracted when our phone beeps, or I get a courtesy messaging from twitter letting you know that someone has left you a tweet. And while that would be fine if you were alone, people are finding themselves alone when they are with others.[2]. Some people argue that even though you are sitting behind an electronic device, you are in some way still communicating and while this is true others find it distasteful and discourteous, especially when they are with you. People can view and share information without moving from the their homes and even today, devices are carried on us to keep us in the goings-on with what is new. New media has severe impact on the age groups of people, people's democracy, and ethical issues.
Starting from birth and throughout our adulthood we are in social world, connecting, experiencing, reading expressions and sharing feelings from others-all of these are important aspects of life. A similar concept goes for older development; as we age our mind and body begins to deteriorate and we need human interaction to stay alert and understand what others emotions are and reactions to a specific situation [3]. Humans feed off cues that are given off by other humans by reading facial expressions, listening to the tone of someone’s voice, or simply just enjoying the company and companionship of another person [4]. Social networking, which is a major player in new media it is allows you to express yourself quickly and get responses in a matter of seconds to a mass audience, it does not provide the essentials for someone to develop and maintain the human interaction that we all need to thrive and in some cases, survive.
The use of social networks has so many effects on our society. People have turned to social networks for so many different reasons, whether it is personal or for business related purposes. Since there are so many users on these sites, it gives everyone a huge audience or network to connect with one another.
New Media and age groups of people
People of all age groups are actively participating in new media via open source like social networking sites, wikis,and blogs. The convergence of old media tend to change the form of society. Young generation people has different way of learning and sharing. The Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 57% of American teenagers create content for the internet -- from text to pictures, music and video.According to a recent survey from Pew, 38% of U.S. adults aged 65+ now go online. Clearly this isn’t a majority share, at around 4 in 10 but I think it’s incredibly impressive given the fast pace with which you have to adapt to new technology today.
The fact is that silver surfers are a thriving, active group online, despite setbacks that prevent them accessing the internet. The same research cited the fact that just 26% of U.S. adults aged 65+ have home broadband access. Take the figure again that 4 in 10 aged 65+ go online and it now seems all the more impressive. Clearly there is something to be addressed here in terms of education into using the internet and actually providing the means to get online. Given how isolated and cut off many older people are, if we can provide wider access to the internet this could drastically affect their day to day lives. How many senior citizens do you know that could benefit from doing their food shopping online?
So for these older people that do get online, just what are they doing? They’re certainly not to be relegated to just search and email – though this may be the primary activity for most older people online, it’s not all they’re doing. Nielsen conducted valuable research into the activities of people aged 65+ online and found that viewing or sharing photos was the 5th most popular activity, performed by 50% of those seniors online. Personal activities such as planning travel, finance and healthcare also featured heavily. Facebook was also the 3rd most visited destination, having made a huge jump from 45th place just one year ago. This is a huge acceleration that demonstrates how quickly this audience is adapting online behaviour to take advantage of new tools and stay connected.
I’ve outlined a few examples below to demonstrate just how active this senior audience is online.
Peter Oakley (otherwise known as geriatric1927) is a pioneer of youtube among older people, making his first video on the site in 2006, as part of a short autobiographical series. Just one week after his first broadcast he was the most subscribed-to user. Seriously impressive by any standard. He still updates his channel regularly, with a new video at least once a week.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_YMigZmUuk
People and Democracy
People have freedom to speak, write and share the information and ideas in the modern world through new media anonymously. They have right to criticize on political issues, educational issues and religion issues. people posted videos and blogs to support their favorite parties effectively. For example, Obama Girl. Students can share their learning experiences in colleges and classes online. Moreover, new media has change the perspective of sharing and commenting on religious issues."New media and social change in Muslim world" When the UN Human Rights Committee last clarified the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, use of the internet was limited and the effect it would have on the mainstream media was still the subject of speculation.
Today’s hand-held communication technologies have revolutionized the media © EPA/Everett Kennedy BrownMore than two decades on, the Committee seeks to give practical application to freedom of opinion and expression in the radically altered media landscape which has the internet and mobile communications centre-stage.
Describing “a global network to exchange ideas and opinions that does not necessarily rely on the traditional mass media”, the Committee says “States parties should take all necessary steps to foster the independence of these new media and to ensure access”.
Any restrictions that might be applied to websites, blogs or any other internet-based networks or support systems should be limited, the Committee says, to content only and should not be applied to entire sites and systems.
In the context of permissible restrictions generally, the Committee recommends extreme caution and provides many examples of situations where the urge to restrict freedom of expression should be resisted. There are no circumstances which justify limiting freedom of opinion, the Committee notes in its revised General Comment.
Lawmakers, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, human rights defenders, journalists and others will turn to the General Comment for guidance on the scope and practical applications of the rights to freedom of opinion and expression.
In the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which sets out the right to freedom of expression, only two situations are described which justify its limitation: respect of the rights or reputations of others and protection of national security or of public order, or of public health or morals. The Covenant also prohibits advocacy of religious hatred.
Allowing for those very limited exceptions, the Committee says blasphemy laws and prohibitions on displays of disrespect for a religion or other belief systems are a contravention of the right to freedom of expression, as are laws which favour one religion over another, or religious believers over non-believers, or which prevent or punish criticism of religious leaders or commentary on religious doctrine.
The Committee notes that the Convention places a particularly high value on uninhibited debate concerning political figures and public institutions. Laws which prohibit or restrict criticism of important people and institutions are cause for concern the Committee says. “The mere fact that forms of expression are considered to be insulting to a public figure is not sufficient to justify the imposition of penalties… all public figures, including those exercising the highest political authority such as heads of state and government, are legitimately subject to criticism and political opposition”. The same should apply to institutions such as the army.
Committee member, Michael O’Flaherty says, “The main point of the general comment and of the Committee adopting it is that freedom of expression is at the heart of the entire human rights system.”
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/FreedomExpressionandnewmedia.aspx
“That means,” he says, “we have to put up with a lot of speech that we don’t like.
Ethical Issues
The primary ethical issue on the new media is the invasion of privacy in the society. The pictures and videos online can be copied and redistributed. The social networking sites and digital wallets are typical ethical issues in new media. "Protect yourself" Social networking allows people to hide their real identity while it puts others up for public display. An article from Santa Clara University "Unavoidable Ethical Questions About Social Networking" asks us "Will this disembodied quality of the online world lead to greater fairness, or will we lose the ability to engage concretely with others, and therefore truly overcome differences?." This is asked as anyone is able to mask their true identity and take on the identity of anyone they want within cyberspace. Social networking also allows people to avoid face to face communications. This allows emotions to be hid as tones of voice, body language, and facial expressions will be avoided.
A serious ethical issue is brought up in questioning whether it is fair to hold an honest conversation through a social networking website as someone may not be telling the truth on their feelings or identity. Social networking allows for the distribution of photographs and information that the owner may not have wanted revealed. Pictures and information can be leaked without the owner ever having any information on their existence. This concept leaves many to question exactly how ethical social networking sites actually are.While these sites seem entertaining and interesting to use for personal, business or school use, there can also be many reasons why someone would not want to use these sites.
Being on the web is exposing oneself to the world by means of the internet and enabling someone to become vulnerable, which can be detrimental. Posting personal information such as your address, personal or family photos, or just by letting someone know you are on vacation can leave you and your family susceptible to being robbed, stalked and even hurt. Letting others know what you are doing every minute of the day allows others to know your every move and where you are or in some cases where you aren’t. This type of information being exposed has left people mugged, raped and even worse, killed [5].
Children are also very vulnerable by gaining access to the internet and are exposed to various types of pornography, and inappropriate content [6]. Children are already vulnerable and gullible which can lead them to a sexual predator. There have been reports of older men posing as teens to lure children in to meeting them; when the met up with the adolescent it led to sexual assault, molestation, and even rapes have occurred [7]. People’s personal information such as credit card numbers, addresses, and social security numbers may be exposed if filters are not set properly or at all and have been a major cause in identity theft [8]. It is ok to let friends, family and colleagues know what you are up to but limit the personal information you provide and set filters for you and your children to keep them and yourself safe and protected; you never know who is watching. The internet is meant to be a fun and exciting place to visit and is becoming more and more popular so be safe and have fun.
New Media and Social Change
The new media has change the world dramatically. The new media has changed the social behavior of human in terms of information, communication, and entertainment. Newspapers, magazines, paper journals and books were the old media of information. However, due to the grace of technology and internet, people replace the old media and start using e-words. The means of information are digital, such as, e-news, e-books, blogs, and e-zines. The information in new media can be shared and redistributed among millions of people. In terms of communication, in old media we use post mails, radio, and TV. However, people communicate lively on chat, Skype, messenger, VOIP, cell phones, and other digital medias. Both the sender and receiver are actively participate in communicating. The social networking sites has changed the communication among the people socially as it is way easier to communicate with people. People can view the favorite programs whenever they want. Youtube and other live videos sites are great contribution in terms of entertainment in new media in society.
Convergence
Convergence is a basic term for the replacement of old media by new media. Due to the enhancement of technology,this convergence is taking place as old media are being replaced. Listening to Ipods rather than CDs, posting online journals to submitting articles in newspapers, replacing TV shows with Youtube are the technology advancements. People can really see how media is changing drastically. Related article:Old media to new media"
It would be probably more appropriate to think of convergence as a fusing of old media with new media. Think of mobile phones which went from just making phone calls to something close to mini PCs where you can make and store pictures, download music and videos, have access to the Internet and to most of the Microsoft Office apps. People still read newspapers today but mostly online. People still watch TV channels most of which have fan sites for the popular shows. Media convergence does affect our lives changing the way we behave and interact with each other.
Convergence old to new
The Grammar of Hypertelevision: An Identikit of Convergence-Age Fiction Television (Or, How Television Simulates New Interactive Media) by Carlos A. Scolari, Scolari explores how television is being changed and supplemented by the web and our mobile phones as well as other forms of media. Old media forms such as the news and newspapers, as well as television are being replaced by a new “species” of media. Scolari describes how televsion has transformed from paleotelevison to neotelevision to hypertelevision. It is like an evolution of our visual environment. From the heavy clunky antenna television with black and white image to a standard bow with implementation of cable and multiple screens on one station informing about different topics as well as more characters to today’s new forms of flat screens to 3d television. Even the way we read has changed. Reading has gone from textual to collaborative writing in forms online and portable. These features all come from ingenuity and the urge for change as well as intuitiveness. Related article:[1] A good blog to take a look at also that talks about convergence is Related article [2]
Virtual life or Second Life
Virtual life or second life is part of new media in society. People no longer get together and share information and ideas through face to face communication. They use virtual life or Second Life instead. They create and customize avatars that are used in virtual world to search for certain places, people and activities. Users communicate with others through chat and other text media or, through enabled VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)users can speak to one another. / "7 things you should know about...Second Life" People are taking advantages of the virtual life in education, business, and gaming sectors. The concept of virtual life is to see the world and achieve things which may not be achievable in real world. Second Life offers a compelling synchronous experience for geographically disparate users to meet and interact. It also allows users to inhabit personas and situations that are otherwise unavailable to them.
Thousands of students can learn through second life at a time. With virtual classroom, students can interact from any part of the world. "Education in virtual Life" Virtual museums and galleries, computer programming tutorials, and virtual libraries- all have been used for educational purposes. ” Virtual worlds allow students to interact in 3D spaces that are comfortable, facilitating educational exercises such as virtual field trips or visiting a gallery of studentcreated art. The social dynamic builds rapport and exposes students to teamwork, and the sense of presence encourages students to explore and engage in informal, self-directed learning. Educators are pursuing hundreds of experiments to elucidate the elements of a meaningful educational experience in fields ranging from journalism to the sciences to history.”/ "7 things you should know about...Second Life"
Similarly, globalization in business takes effect in the modern world. The professionals create the virtual office and collaborate the ideas and views in second life for their business. The online conferences and meeting through avatars are possible ways to do online buisness."Business in Second Life Virtual reality is used by businesses for recruiting and training purposes as well. Some companies have virtual job fairs and virtual job interviews in Second Life. The 3D virtual games are very popular. They allow for playing online and competing with people from all over the world." Gaming in Virtual Life"
Second Life is also used many other disciplines of life. It helps promote and express talents. “Artists have set up galleries, musicians have held concerts, and authors have read their work in-world. Churches have set up virtual congregations that hold worship services, and counseling services allow users to visit with real therapists—through avatars.” / "7 things you should know about...Second Life" Second Life also enabled people to interact on diplomatic level and learn abou the culture and traditions of several countries. For example, Second Life has a place called “Diplomacy Island”, “and the governments of several real nations, including the Maldives, Sweden, and Estonia, have opened virtual embassies there where users can speak to representatives of those nations about their history and culture or about visas and other requirements to travel to those countries.”/ "7 things you should know about...Second Life"
Cultural Change
In ancient days, people try to understand the world by learning and experiencing. Learning by books, ancestors, and their culture. However, in modern world we learn to retrieve and reference rather than understanding. The hypertext development has made the readers changed the links to follow in an electronic development. The development of internet has revolutionary victory over the people's culture, the way of learning and communicating in the society. People use various social networking sites to stay in connected with friends and family. "Facebook" is one of the popular social networking sites where people maintain their social lives in business, education and family."New media and cultural Change in society" "CNN Hologram- New way to communicate"
Society has seen a shift in the way we communicate with each other on a daily basis. Letters have been replaced by telegrams, telegrams by the telephone, telephones by cell phones, talking on cell phones by text messaging and now social networking has become the dominant trend in current society. Peter Leitner, Thomas Grechenig wrote,"One of the most exciting evolutions in the internet over the last years is the spread of social networks. No other genre of web services has such high expansion rates like the social networking sphere. MySpace, LinkedIn, Orkut or Facebook have gained enormous popularity over the past years because of a steadily increasing demand for communication and collaboration among users. Forced by the fast evolution of the internet, innovative web technologies and networking functionalities, the user changed from a passive information consumer to an active content producer and distributor. As a key success factor, social networking services offer modern communication possibilities for people by supporting user interaction and data interchange." [http://www.iadis.net/dl/final_uploads/200810C024.pdf SOCIAL NETWORKING SPHERE: A SNAPSHOT OF TRENDS, FUNCTIONALITIES AND REVENUE MODELS]
Potential Issues
With advancements in technology, there are always drawbacks associated with them. The question some people are beginning to ask is what kind of lifestyle are we promoting here? Currently internet technologies have become easy and more convenient to use. While it probably isn't an issue as of now. But for the future generations that will grow up surrounded by and immersed in these technologies, will they lose the basic skills of face to face communication? With the internet its so easy to create a bubble of interests and you forget how to tolerate the annoying things in life. A very good article discussing this would be this Cracked.com article 7 reasons the 21st century is making you miserable . Although it is written in a humorous nature it has some truth to it. And this comic Amusing Ourselves to Death about what could happen if we spend too much time on the computers, laptops, Ipods, and other electronic devices. This is also another very good video help us to see the potential ethical issues around us. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAO-lZ4_hU Nobody will doubt that the emergence of Internet brings the media into a brand new era. We have made a great change from oral communication to this electronic and digital world. With the help of Internet, we can get instant news around the world, chat with people online, and learn knowledge quickly. But, this media also cause some social problems. Nowadays, more and more children are suffered from Internet addiction which is a mental illness defined by psychoanalysts. Among those children, who like using Internet to communicate with others rather than talking to friends face to face.,the direct communication seems to be hard for them. They won't try to make a conversation with you initiatively in daily life I am shocked by the boy in the video ,who lacks sincere talk with his parents, finally choose to die because of mislead by the harmful things on Internet. I think that the duty is not only on child but also on his parents and teacher.Sometimes, this new media creates estrangement between people and people instead of decreasing the distance we have.
Another big problem is that Online games make some people crazy about them. One extreme example is that an eighteen-year old student died in a net bar due to playing 3 days without eating in China.[9] This kind of event happens frequently these days. It is so unbelievable that a teenage wastes all of his/her time playing in the virtual reality and pursue to meaningless profits in the game. There are many students who play games have some personal experiences regarding playing games: Within the past few years the E-sports game 'War Craft 3' was quite popular around the world, a lot of young people wanted to become a professional player to win the WCG world champion. But after a lot of practice for a long time, some found that they don't have the talent to reach the achievement that Sky got, who is the world champion of WCG 2006 world champion. And playing games also affected their grades which would make many parents angry. Studies showed that later on some realized that studying is more important and getting good grades are more of a priority and that getting and sustaining a job is quite important for personal growth and independence. Playing games is just a way to relax but not a way to spend much time on it. In order to use the powerful media-Internet reasonably, we need to control ourselves and make correct choices.[10]
Additionally, playing online games or simulating real life through virtual life or second life allows users to go above the boundaries, ethical, moral or legal limits. In virtual world people are not bounded by laws, rules of societies. “Users can participate in worlds where fantasy and the physically impossible are the norms, can engage in behavior that is morally wrong or even unlawful in the real world.” / "Ethics & Virtual Worlds" Because of that, users are exposed to and highly influenced by different types of aggression, vandalism or even harassment. According to / "7 things you should know about...Second Life", “activities that are illegal or unethical in real life are acceptable in the virtual world—gambling, child pornography, and pyramid schemes have appeared in Second Life—and in many instances it remains unclear what authority, if any, has jurisdiction over virtual activities that spill over into the real world.” Consequently, online games and life simulating games can highly and dramatically change people’s lives and highly influence their perception of real world and idea of what is and what is not acceptable.
Benefits of New Media
There are many pros to using social networking sites. The biggest and most obvious reason is to meet new people and connect with old friends and family. However, there are still so many other things that social networks can do for us whether it is on a personal level or something much bigger.
One way is that it is a good way to find jobs. In a New York Times article titled Tweeting You Way to a Job, Laura M. Holson talks about the influence of Twitter and how it has helped many people who have been in search of as job. Another article by Frank Langfitt who also talks of how it helps boost job recruiting says that " Social networking technology is absolutely the best thing to happen to recruiting - ever".
It is also helpful to business users as well. Farhad Manjo’s article “Does venting consumer outrage on twitter actually work? shows us how we can be able to help in terms of feedback to a company. Based on our personal encounters we can evaluate the experience by blogging, tweeting or just post comments to express ourselves. With these comments companies can work on ways to improve there business to better meet the needs of their consumers.
Another way social networking has helped us is that it allows us to help do good for our community, reduce crimes and other obstacles. In another New York Times article, Michael Wilson talks about how a local community blog helped lead to a drug raid. With the joined efforts of fellow neighbors, they were able to catch the attention of the police through their Blogs. They described what was going on in the neighborhood and the police used this information to their advantage and were able to lead a successful bust.
The last pro I will talk about is the use of the virtual world as in Second Life. It has created so many options for it users. You have the possibility to create and do anything you would do in the real world. You can build and create things that once existed and bring it back to life like the Chelsea Hotel as mentioned in Saki Knafo’s article. People no longer have to just reminisce on old memories; they can recreate and live through it again. Also for people with disabilities, it is a place for them to escape and live the life they wish they could. Being able to do things that in real life may be difficult or that they cannot do at all. There have also been real organizations brought to life in this program. There are so many possibilities in this world of what can be done.
New Media and social change
New Media has brought several changes to the lives millions. It has affected cultures and identities of many people. It seems as though new media has added a flare of new expression and interpretation for which society has come to value. The differing forms of media have affected moral values as well as business, politics, and entertainment. It has created a new form of society. It is what Singh calls a “network society”. It is a society that is timeless and always changing. New media has its negative affect on cultures. It has at times been seen as a form of evil or threat to societal values. Oftentimes people dislike new media because they do not understand it. It also is a conflicting issue when people are trying to maintain their morals and values yet conforming to society and keeping up with new innovations. There I also the problem of viruses and loss of identity, meaning that people become more in to sitting behind a computer than truly engaging in the world physically. It has created a form of social isolation and has in some ways blocked the social interaction of the past. But, new media is positively affecting the global world it has and is contributing to better interconnectedness and spread of cultures leading to more cultural diversity. In many ways new media has helped to engage and better understand cultures we may have never known or truly understood before. New Media and Cultural Identity
New Media and the Egyptian Revolution of 2011
On January 25, 2011 a movement began to overthrow the 29 year rule of Egyptian President Muhammad Mubarak. Tens of thousands of people demonstrated against the incumbent in what was intended to be a peaceful protest quickly escalated to an uprising and by February 2, 2011 there were at least 3 dead protestors and an additional 1500 injured.[15] Originally, the thousands of protesters wanted their voices heard on political topics that were affecting their families such as poverty, unemployment, and governmental corruption. The government responded by shutting down all social media sites such as twitter, Facebook. This is what began the outrage as this was the only means protesters were able to use as a catalyst to set up what was their original protest gatherings but by the government inhibiting the public from their social media sites, the government thought this would stop the protests.[16]
Soon after the protests began to grow in magnitude, the Egyptian government completely cut off Internet access and cell phones. This action was motivated to counter the role that Facebook and Twitter users were playing in getting their revolutionary message across to the masses. On Friday, January 28, 2011 Egypt was completely offline.[17] Facebook and Twitter were used as a tool to communicate the sense of frustration that many felt against the ruling government.
To understand the role that social media played on the Egyptian revolution one only needs to look at its beginning. Outraged at the brutal police beating that resulted in the death of Egyptian businessman Khaled Said, activist and Google Marketing Manager, Wael Ghonim, anonymously created a Facebook Page called "We Are All Khaled Said." The page featured horrifically graphic post mortem photographs of Said's face that were shot using a cellphone. [18] Immediately, the page had a following of 500,000 members. Ghonim went on to use this Facebook page as a means to expose other cases of police abuse and corruption, eventually orchestrating the protests that began on January 25th.
Twitter was also used to broaden the reach of Ghonim's idea. However, it was used to get the word out mostly to the rest of the world. [19] Facebook and Twitter provided a platform for the frustrated civilians of Egypt to communicate and organize their revolt. Mubarak's administration was aware of this and took measures to have both Twitter and Facebook completely blocked by January 26th. By then there was little they could do to stop the motions that were set into play using social media.
Before Ghonim's Facebook page, there was an underground using new media to expose the inappropriate and shady behavior in the Egyptian police force. According to Jillain C. York, the project coordinator for the OpenNet Initiative at Harvard University, "Prior to the murder of Khaled Saidm ther were blogs and YouTube videos that existed about police torture, but there wasn't a strong community around them."[20]
Social media and the global reach of the internet facilitated the spread of Ghonim's call to action. In turn, the world of autocratic societies have been shown that their hold over traditional media and information will no longer enable them to maintain a repressive hold over a civilized networked society. On February 11, 2001, 18 days after the first crowds stepped into the streets of Cairo in a united voice of discontent, Hosni Mubarrak stepped down from his presidential seat. Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, helped unite the people of Egypt, allowing them to communicate freely and anonymously, organize their mission, show the rest of the world their struggle, and achieve their goal. Ghonim stated this best, "If you want to liberate (a people), give them the internet." [21]
Works cited
- http://www.thewholechild.us/integrative_/2009/03/facebook-using-new-media-for-social-change.html
- http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=52164
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_media
- http://www.piaw.org/graphics/ethics-large.jpg
- http://www.iadis.net/dl/final_uploads/200810C024.pdf
- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=47714610&site=ehost-live
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAO-lZ4_hU
References
- ↑ Borg, James. Body Language: 7 Easy Lessons to Master the Silent Language. FT Press, 2010, ISBN 9780137002603
- ↑ http://gigaom.com/collaboration/how-social-media-is-affecting-the-way-we-speak-and-write/. Gigaom. Retrieved November 28, 2011
- ↑ Organizer, Ruth Porter; O’Conno, Maeve. “Chapter 14. Cognitive Aspects of Preverbal Social Interaction Between Human Infants and Adults.” May 30, 2008. DOI: 10.1002/9780470720158.ch14
- ↑ Organizer, Ruth Porter; O’Conno, Maeve. “Chapter 14. Cognitive Aspects of Preverbal Social Interaction Between Human Infants and Adults.” May 30, 2008. DOI: 10.1002/9780470720158.ch14
- ↑ Rose, Chris. “The Security Implications of Ubiquitous Social Media.” 2010 EABR & ETLC Conference Proceedings. Dublin, Ireland
- ↑ Dowdell, Elizabeth B. PhD, RN; Burgess, Ann W. DNSc, RN, FAAN; Flores, J Robert JD, “Original Research: “Online Social Networking Patterns Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Sexual Offenders.” AJN, American Journal of Nursing: July 2011 - Volume 111 - Issue 7 - pp 28-36 doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000399310.83160.73 Feature Articles
- ↑ Dowdell, Elizabeth B. PhD, RN; Burgess, Ann W. DNSc, RN, FAAN; Flores, J Robert JD, “Original Research: “Online Social Networking Patterns Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Sexual Offenders.” AJN, American Journal of Nursing: July 2011 - Volume 111 - Issue 7 - pp 28-36 doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000399310.83160.73 Feature Articles
- ↑ Rose, Chris. “The Security Implications of Ubiquitous Social Media.” 2010 EABR & ETLC Conference Proceedings. Dublin, Ireland
- ↑ http://gamepolitics.com/2007/09/18/in-china-man-dies-after-3-day-game-binge
- ↑ http://open.salon.com/blog/harryqiu/2010/09/12/social_problems_caused_by_the_new_media
- ↑ Holoson, Laura, M. (2009, May 20).Tweet your way to a job. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/21/fashion/21whiz.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1317952816-zqLEnHXTD1SHHGAjV9+kiw
- ↑ Manjoo, Farhad. (2009, September 1). Tweeting avengers. Retrieved fromhttp://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2009/09/tweeting_avengers.html
- ↑ Wilson, Michael. (2008, June 26).Brooklyn Blogs lead to drug raid. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/nyregion/26bayridge.html
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/nyregion/thecity/03virt.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1322791502-N4iTqgIQXqM5RdOuLdCAAA
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/02/egypt-revolution-turns-ugly. Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved May 11, 2011
- ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/28/whats-going-on-in-egypt_n_815734.html. Huff Post World. Retrieved November 28, 2011
- ↑ http://www.egyptianrevolution.com/2011/01/when-egypt-turned-off-the-internet. EgyptianRevolution.com. Retrieved May 11, 2011
- ↑ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703786804576137980252177072.html. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2011
- ↑ http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?AID=1828. The Wilson Quarterly. Retrieved May 11, 2011
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/06/world/middleeast/06face.html. NY Times. Retrieved May 11, 2011
- ↑ http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?AID=1828. The Wilson Quarterly. Retrieved May 11, 2011
